Suction Stage: As the hydraulic pump rotates, a vacuum is created within the pump chamber, and hydraulic oil from the tank enters the pump chamber through a filter. During this stage, it is crucial to ensure the suction line is well-sealed to prevent air ingress and cavitation.
Pressure Stage: The pump chamber volume decreases, and the hydraulic oil pressure increases, being delivered to the control valve through a high-pressure oil pipe. For example, a piston pump draws in oil when the piston moves downward and pressurizes it when it moves upward, reaching pressures exceeding 35 MPa.
Control Stage: The control valve adjusts the fluid flow direction, pressure, and flow rate according to operating commands. For example, a directional valve can change the direction of movement of a hydraulic cylinder, and a relief valve can limit the system's maximum pressure by setting the pressure.
Execution Stage: Hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic cylinder or motor, propelling the load. For example, when the hydraulic cylinder piston rod extends, the load is lifted; when the piston rod retracts, the load decreases.
