Power Components (Hydraulic Pumps): As the starting point for energy conversion, hydraulic pumps convert the mechanical energy of an engine or motor into fluid pressure energy through structures such as gears, vanes, or pistons. For example, gear pumps compress fluid through gear meshing, vane pumps create a vacuum by rotating a rotor to draw in oil, and piston pumps achieve high-pressure output through the reciprocating motion of a piston.
Actuators (Hydraulic Cylinders/Motors): Hydraulic cylinders convert fluid pressure energy into linear motion mechanical energy, propelling the load; hydraulic motors convert this into rotary motion, driving equipment to rotate. For example, the lifting mechanism in engineering vehicles relies on hydraulic cylinders to raise and lower heavy objects, while the slewing mechanism of excavators uses a hydraulic motor to achieve 360° rotation.
Control Components (Valves): These include directional control valves (such as reversing valves), pressure control valves (such as relief valves), and flow control valves (such as throttle valves). Directional control valves regulate fluid flow, determining the direction of movement of the actuator; pressure control valves maintain stable system pressure and prevent overload; flow control valves control the speed of movement of the actuator by adjusting the cross-sectional area of the flow channel.
Auxiliary Components (Oil Tank/Filter/Cooler): The oil tank stores the liquid and provides space for heat dissipation; the filter removes impurities to protect the system; and the cooler lowers the oil temperature to prevent performance degradation. For example, hydraulic systems operating in high-temperature environments require plate heat exchangers or air-cooled coolers to ensure the oil temperature is controlled between 50-70°C.
Working Medium (Hydraulic Oil): As an energy transfer medium, hydraulic oil must possess characteristics such as moderate viscosity, strong anti-wear properties, and good oxidation resistance. For example, L-HM anti-wear hydraulic oil is suitable for medium- and high-pressure systems, while L-HV low-temperature hydraulic oil is suitable for environments below -30°C.
